What Is The Difference Between Cat 5, Cat 5e, and Cat 6 Cable?

If you’re researching the different types of twisted-pair copper cable used to transmit data in network and home theater applications, then it’s likely that you will repeatedly come across the terms Category 5 (CAT5),  and CAT6. Organizations such as the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) and Electronic Industries Association (EIA) set specific product standards, and these guidelines have resulted in cables being classified into various categories based on their performance levels. Just in case you’re not too familiar with cabling terminology, we at CableOrganizer.com would like to provide you with a few straightforward definitions and statistics on these three common grades of network cable, to help you better choose the right one to fit your needs.

·         CAT5: Out of the three types of cable we’ll be discussing, Category 5 is the most basic. Cat 5 cable is available in two varieties: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), the type widely used in the United States, and Screened Twisted Pair (SCTP), which has shielding to provide a measure of extra protection against interference, but is rarely used outside of Europe. Cables belonging to Category 5 are either solid or stranded: Solid Cat 5 is more rigid, and the better choice if data needs to be transmitted over a long distance, while Stranded Cat 5 is very flexible and most likely to be used as patch cable. Cat 5 cable can support 10 or 100 Mbps Ethernet, and has a capability of up to 100MHz.

·         CAT5e: Cat 5e (which stands for Category 5, enhanced) cable goes along the same lines as basic Cat 5, except that it fulfills higher standards of data transmission. While Cat 5 is common in existing cabling systems, CAT5 has almost entirely replaced it in new installations. Cat 5e can handle data transfer at 1000 Mbps, is suitable for Gigabit Ethernet, and experiences much lower levels of near-end crosstalk (NEXT) than Cat 5.

·         CAT6: Of the three cable categories we’re discussing, CAT6 is the most advanced and provides the best performance. Just like Cat 5 and Cat 5e, Category 6 cable is typically made up of four twisted pairs of copper wire, but its capabilities far exceed those of other cable types because of one particular structural difference: a longitudinal separator. This separator isolates each of the four pairs of twisted wire from the others, which reduces crosstalk, allows for faster data transfer, and gives Category 6 cable twice the bandwidth of Cat 5! CAT6 cable is ideal for supporting 10 Gigabit Ethernet, and is able to operate at up to 250 MHz. Since technology and standards are constantly evolving, Cat 6 is the wisest choice of cable when taking any possible future updates to your network into consideration. Not only is Category 6 cable future-safe, it is also backward-compatible with any previously-existing Cat 5 and Cat 5e cabling found in older installations.

All comparisons considered, it should be mentioned that if you’re creating a new network or upgrading an existing one, it’s recommended that you opt for either Cat5e or Cat6, because while Cat5 is still available, it’s falling further and further behind ever-advancing cabling performance standards (however, if you’re looking to simply add a few extra connections to an existing Cat5 network that won’t see a cabling overhaul anytime soon, it’s completely acceptable to keep using Cat5).

Left with the decision between Cat5e and Cat6, a few additional things to consider are whether you’re dealing with at-home data connectivity or a commercial network, your budget, and how likely you are to take on a system-wide upgrade in the future. If you’re simply looking to expand an existing Cat5e network at home or in a small business, and are unlikely to take apart that infrastructure and replace it with a higher category of cable in the future, sticking with Cat5e can be a simple and affordable choice. However, if you’re building an enterprise network from the ground up, or are planning to upgrade existing Cat5e cable to Cat6 in the foreseeable future, it’s often wise to simply make the investment in Cat6, as it’s backward-compatible with earlier standards, yet far better equipped to deliver the speeds and performance you’ll require both now and in the future.